This is a laboratory experience associated with Ancient and Medieval World HIST 151.

Credits: 0

Foundations of Academic Discovery serves as the entry point to the Rock Integrated Studies Program. With its strong faculty-student interaction, the course promotes intellectual inquiry, critical and creative thinking, and academic excellence. Through varied content, the course introduces students to academic discourse and information literacy while exploring topics such as diversity and inclusion and global awareness. This course will set students along the path to becoming engaged with issues and scholarship important to a 21st century education while they learn about themselves and their place in the world.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Enrollment limited to students with a semester level of Freshman 1 or Freshman 2.
Enrollment limited to students with the ROCK STUDIES 2 STUDENT or ROCK STUDIES STUDENT attributes.

This course surveys civilizations across the globe from the earliest developments in Mesopotamia to the complex global interactions of the 17th Century. Students will explore the origins of human societies and the evolution of their development over centuries. Some of the areas covered will include classical world of Ancient Greece and Rome, the religious and cultural development of Asian during the Axial Age, the birth of Christianity and Islam, the age of Exploration, and the Columbian Exchange.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

Thematic Thread(s): Citizenship & Social Problems, Cultural Literacy & Community Building, Institutions & Human Innovations, Transfer Thread Completion Course

This course surveys world events from the expansion of European and Asian empires in the 17th Century to the end of the 20th Century. Students will explore historical documents to engage with people and events and gain a better understanding of the interconnections between the development of various societies across the globe.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

Thematic Thread(s): Citizenship & Social Problems, Cultural Literacy & Community Building, Conservation, Technology & Imagination, Human Diversity & Well-Being, Institutions & Human Innovations, Transfer Thread Completion Course, United Stated in Global Context

Students examine a historical moment or theme using the sources and methodologies of humanities disciplines. They consider how people asked questions and sought answers to the challenges of the human condition then and now. Each section of this course focuses on a different topic. Refer to section descriptions when registering.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

Enrollment limited to students with the ROCK STUDIES 2 STUDENT or ROCK STUDIES STUDENT attributes.

A unique and specifically focused course within the general purview of a department which intends to offer it on a "one time only" basis and not as a permanent part of the department's curriculum.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A workshop is a program which is usually of short duration, narrow in scope, often non-traditional in content and format, and on a timely topic.

Credits: 1-6

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A Selected Topics course is a normal, departmental offering which is directly related to the discipline, but because of its specialized nature, may not be able to be offered on a yearly basis by the department.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

This course is a survey of US History from the earliest records to the Civil War Era. Students will engage with historical texts to explore topics that have shaped the nation that the United States has become. These can include: Indigenous cultures that formed America's first permanent societies, the arrival of European colonists, the origins of slavery, the American Revolution, Westward expansion, sectional divisions over slavery, and the Civil War.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

Thematic Thread(s): Citizenship & Social Problems, Institutions & Human Innovations, Transfer Thread Completion Course, United Stated in Global Context

This course surveys US History from the 1860s to the present day. Topics may include: sectional division over slavery, the Civil War, Reconstruction, industrialization, Progressivism, the two world wars, and the Cold War.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

Thematic Thread(s): Citizenship & Social Problems, Cultural Literacy & Community Building, Conservation, Technology & Imagination, Human Diversity & Well-Being, Institutions & Human Innovations, Transfer Thread Completion Course, United Stated in Global Context

This course introduces students to the essential skills associated with historical research and writing, as well as a survey of various historical philosophies, historiography, and careers for history majors.

Prerequisites: HIST 151 (may be taken concurrently)^D and HIST 152^*D and HIST 201^*D and HIST 202^*D (may be taken concurrently).
^D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall Terms

A unique and specifically focused course within the general purview of a department which intends to offer it on a "one time only" basis and not as a permanent part of the department's curriculum.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A workshop is a program which is usually of short duration, narrow in scope, often non-traditional in content and format, and on a timely topic.

Credits: 1-6

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A Selected Topics course is a normal, departmental offering which is directly related to the discipline, but because of its specialized nature, may not be able to be offered on a yearly basis by the department.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A survey of the development of all branches of the American military spanning the colonial period to present day. The course includes a brief introduction to the development of the western way of war from pre-Hellenistic conflict through the middle ages in Europe. Technological innovation, evolution of tactical through strategic levels of warfare, and the symbiotic relationship between military development, national policy, and societal expectations will be examined.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A social, political and cultural history from ancient times to the death of Nicholas I.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Continuity and change in Russia from the reign of Alexander II through the Soviet period.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Transfer Thread Completion Course, United Stated in Global Context

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

An examination of expressions of manhood in American History from the colonial era to the present. Through the use of gender as a category of historical analysis, students will study notions of manhood in social relations, sexuality, the economy and politics.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Citizenship & Social Problems, Human Diversity & Well-Being, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course examines gender and sexuality in European society with emphasis on the relationship between ideas about gender and sexuality and their social and cultural manifestations.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Citizenship & Social Problems, Human Diversity & Well-Being, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

An analysis of women from the earliest civilizations to 1750 through the examination of the lives of ordinary and outstanding women from different levels of the social order.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course will examine the role of women in the period 1750 to present from a cross-cultural perspective. Through the use of gender as a category of historical analysis and with particular reference to socio-economic differences, we will study the participation of women in the emergence of new national-states; the history of women's labor in the household and the work place, the contribution of women in intellectual life, and the participation of women in the social/political reform movements of the modern era.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

To investigate, discuss and debate the historical experience of African Americans from their origins in West Africa, through the Middle Passage and the Plantation, to the 15th Amendment and the Sell-Out of 1876.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Citizenship & Social Problems, Human Diversity & Well-Being, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

The historical experiences of African Americans from the collapse of the Reconstruction and the emergence of Booker T. Washington, through the NAACP, UNIA, and the Harlem Renaissance, to the rise of the Nation of Islam, CORE, SCLC, and the election of 1976.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Citizenship & Social Problems, Human Diversity & Well-Being, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Examines Black social movements, organizations, and civil rights court decisions in the United States from 1900 to the present.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Citizenship & Social Problems, Human Diversity & Well-Being, Institutions & Human Innovations, Transfer Thread Completion Course, United Stated in Global Context

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Celts, Anglo-Saxons, Danes, and Normans in the formation of a nation, the medieval period, and the Tudor and Stuart centuries.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course investigates key events and individuals in British history since the Glorious Revolution.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course examines the medieval church and society with particular emphasis on the ways in which medieval men, women and institutions defined and applied the concepts of sanctity and heresy.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A biographical approach to the study of American history. A study is made of the lives of those Americans who have made a contribution to society outside of politics.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

American economic development with an emphasis on commerce, industry, labor, finance and governmental participation.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Histories and cultures of Indigenous peoples of North American from the pre-contact period to the present.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Human Diversity & Well-Being, Transfer Thread Completion Course, United Stated in Global Context

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course is intended to introduce students to the practices and theory of public history. Students will gain an understanding of museums, historic  preservation, archives, documentary film, and many other methods of preserving and presenting historical content outside the classroom.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course explores the history of American cities from the colonial period through the present day, with particular emphasis on the late 19th and 20th centuries. Examines the formation and evolution of the physical urban environment; the city as a site of race, class, and ethnic interactions; urban political, economic, and cultural evolution; transportation and suburbanization; and the consequences of the "urban crisis" of the post-World War II era.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Cultural Literacy & Community Building, Institutions & Human Innovations, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course is a study of key events, people and trends that shaped British history from the Act of Union that brought England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland together into a single nation, until the eve of WWI. This course will use literature, film, art and primary source documents, as well as textbooks to examine Britain's rise to be the largest and most powerful empire in the world.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Citizenship & Social Problems, Institutions & Human Innovations, Transfer Thread Completion Course, United Stated in Global Context

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course is a study of key events, people and trends that shaped British culture throughout the Twentieth Century. The course will focus on such moments as the two world wars, decolonization and the rise of a multi-racial populace. It will provide the historical narrative and then analyze the cultural impact through the use of film, television, art, theater, photography and music.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Conservation, Technology & Imagination, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

An examination of the causes, conduct, and consequences of the American Civil War with emphasis given to its political, constitutional, economic, military, and social ramifications.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Political, economic, and social development of the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in America, culminating in the winning of national independence.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Developing countries of Latin America, their internal problems, international relations and historic evolution to the present.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Transfer Thread Completion Course, United Stated in Global Context

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A study of the American republics and their interactions from the colonial era to the present. Students will begin their study by examining the rise and decline of the Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, French and British empires in the New World. Having considered many of the legacies bequeathed to the new American republics by their colonial heritage, students can then examine how those legacies have affected inter-American relations for the last two centuries.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Transfer Thread Completion Course, United Stated in Global Context

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

An interdisciplinary course, involving American literature, philosophy, the fine and performing arts, sports and politics, which examines characteristics and patterns in American popular culture and institutions. Studies will focus on how the creative life of selected Americans and their institutions inform the nature of the evolving cultures in different eras in American history and how they continue to shape the nation and its diverse peoples, values and mores.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Citizenship & Social Problems, Conservation, Technology & Imagination, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Language groups, migrations of peoples, external influences, colonialism, and the emergence of independent states.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

The Republic of South Africa and the High Commission Territories of Bechuanaland, Swaziland, and Basutoland, including colonialism, imperialism, war, and reconstruction in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course will trace the history of medical philosophy and practices. It will examine the vast variety of efforts to amend human suffering and extend life through human intervention. The course is concerned with medicinal approaches throughout the span of human development and across the globe.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Conservation, Technology & Imagination, Human Diversity & Well-Being, Institutions & Human Innovations, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

The history of the eastern Mediterranean area from 1800 B.C.-100 A.D. with a study of the Old and New Testaments in order to evaluate their historical validity.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A course surveying Jewish life and thought from early Roman times to the present. Four thousand years of Jewish participation in most world civilizations are examined, and religious, philosophical, and literary contributions are analyzed.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course investigates the history of the Japanese people from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the present.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A study of the history and culture of ancient Egypt from the old kingdom through the new kingdom. The methods and disciplines utilized in the study of an ancient culture will be analyzed and evaluated.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course examines the factors that have distinguished East Asian military practices from the fifth century BCE to modern times.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course examines the political, social, economic, technological and cultural factors that have affected the Asian Pacific Rim's evolution into the most economically dynamic region of the world today.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

In this course we investigate the history of modern China, the major factors that influenced its course, the values that operate in Chinese society today as well as its fast ascent to major international importance.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A unique and specifically focused course within the general purview of a department which intends to offer it on a "one time only" basis and not as a permanent part of the department's curriculum.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A workshop is a program which is usually of short duration, narrow in scope, often non-traditional in content and format, and on a timely topic.

Credits: 1-6

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A Selected Topics course is a normal, departmental offering which is directly related to the discipline, but because of its specialized nature, may not be able to be offered on a yearly basis by the department.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course focuses on three case studies of violence in Europe in the post-WWII era: 1. Displaced Persons and the refugee crisis as a result of the collapse of governments at the end of the war; 2. The sectarian violence in Northern Ireland between 1968 and 2000; and 3. The wars in the Balkans in the 1990s.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Cultural Literacy & Community Building, Human Diversity & Well-Being, Institutions & Human Innovations, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

In this course, we will explore through readings, films, discussion and internet the troubling and complex topics of mass killing (massacre) and genocide in the modern world, both vexing issues that continue to plague us into the twenty-first century and that no doubt we will face into the foreseeable future. We will examine definitions of terms and the long-term historical context(s) for mass killing/genocide, then we will consider specific cases of mass killing and genocide worldwide.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Cultural Literacy & Community Building, Transfer Thread Completion Course, United Stated in Global Context

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2, Sophomore 1 or Sophomore 2 may not enroll.

This course will explore the ways in which digital technologies are changing how historians think about, research and present the past; topics may include digital publishing, visualizations, geospatial mapping, text mining and digitization of historical documents and artifacts.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2, Sophomore 1 or Sophomore 2 may not enroll.

This course examines the history of ancient Greece, from the rise of its city-states to the Hellenistic world created by Alexander the Great's conquests. In addition to surveying major events, significant persons, and intellectual achievements, additional emphasis will be given to examining contributions to modern concepts of participatory government and intellectual constructs.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course examines the history of Ancient Rome, from its origins ca. 800 BCE to its "fall" traditionally dated ca. 476 CE. In addition to surveying major events and significant persons during its Regnal, Republican and Imperial Periods, emphasis will be given to examining Roman culture and political development as antecedents to modern institutions.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course investigates the major political, social, and intellectual developments of Western Europe during the Middle Ages, 500 to 1500.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

French political, social, and economic affairs in the 18th century, the French Enlightenment, the Revolution, and the Napoleonic period.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Citizenship & Social Problems, Institutions & Human Innovations, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

From the Congress of Vienna to the outbreak of World War I, examining nationalism, liberalism, the response to industrialism, imperialism, the rise of the alliance system, and the breakdown of nineteenth century order.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Cultural Literacy & Community Building, Institutions & Human Innovations, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

The founding and growth of Pennsylvania to the present.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course examines the history of diverse groups that have resided in the American West since the sixteenth century--Native Americans, Spanish, Mexicans, and citizens of the United States. Topics include the role of the United States government in the conquest, economic development, and administration of the West; the legacy of that conquest for native and immigrant peoples; the formation of distinctive Western communities; contests for access to natural resources and wealth; and the idea of the mythic frontier in American culture.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course surveys the environmental history of North America from pre-columbian societies until the present, exploring how the environment has influenced America's social, political, economic and cultural development, as well as how human activity and ideas have shaped nature.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Cultural Literacy & Community Building, Human Diversity & Well-Being, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Supervised placement and research in selected public and private agencies at appropriate institutions.

Credits: 1-12

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Federal constitution by the Supreme Court, including the growth of constitutional law and political, social, economic, and technological changes.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Citizenship & Social Problems, Transfer Thread Completion Course, United Stated in Global Context

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This class is the capstone course for all history majors. In it, students will have the opportunity to synthesize their learning in the history program. They will apply content knowledge and use the research and writing skills they have learned. Students will produce a major research paper based on both primary and secondary sources.

Prerequisite: HIST 205^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students in the BA 5 44 program.

The economic, social, cultural, and political aspects of the Middle East in the perspective of the past.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

In this course, we will examine the following topics: the development of Zionism and the circumstances in the Jewish Diaspora that led to the call for a "Jewish" state; the British Mandate for Palestine, 1920-1948; the establishment of Israel; Israeli state and society, 1948 to present; and Israel within the broader context of the modern Middle East.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

The Scientific Revolutions of the 17th and 18th centuries is a survey of the changes and developments in Western science from antiquity to the brink of the Industrial Revolution. The course investigates the origins, transmission and development of scientific ideas and the appearance and impact of new intellectual communities in Western Europe.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Conservation, Technology & Imagination, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

For history majors or advanced students with a background in history. Prerequisites: QPA of 2.750 in history and permission of the instructor, departmental chairperson, and dean of the college where the study will be conducted. Independent Study courses give students the opportunity to pursue research and/or studies that are not part of the university's traditional course offerings. Students work one on one or in small groups with faculty guidance and are typically required to submit a final paper or project as determined by the supervising professor.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A workshop is a program which is usually of short duration, narrow in scope, often non-traditional in content and format, and on a timely topic.

Credits: 1-6

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A Selected Topics course is a normal, departmental offering which is directly related to the discipline, but because of its specialized nature, may not be able to be offered on a yearly basis by the department.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.