This laboratory activity course is designed to introduce the non-biology major to science as a process. Basic biological concepts and principles are the focal points for the laboratory activities. The scientific process is used throughout the hands on exercises to facilitate the learning experience.

Credits: 1

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

A principles course in biology, designed for non-biology majors, which emphasizes cellular structure and function, Mendelian and molecular genetics, reproduction, and classic and modern concepts of ecology and evolution.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

This non-biology majors course considers the human as a whole organism, with emphasis on the interrelationships of organ systems, the relationship to the environment, and human origins and genetics.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

Thematic Thread(s): 21st Century Healthcare, Body and Self, Healthy Body, Mind & Environment, Transfer Thread Completion Course, Who Do We Think We Are

A laboratory and lecture course that emphasizes basic biological principles to prepare students for subsequent sequential courses required of biology majors.

Credits: 4

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Every Term

Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A non-biology majors course which provides an introduction to ecological principles and concepts with an examination of the biological basis of contemporary environmental problems.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

Thematic Thread(s): Environmental Problems Toolkit, Sustainable International Development, Sustainability, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Basic structures, functions, and uses of plants. This course, for the non-biology major, will stress many of the economic and practical aspects of plants. It will also offer historical insights concerning the impact plants have had on world exploration, colonization, etc.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Thematic Thread(s): Transfer Thread Completion Course, Transnational Culture

University Seminar serves as the entry point to the Slippery Rock University general education program. With its strong faculty-student interaction, the course promotes intellectual inquiry, critical and creative thinking, and academic excellence. Through varied content, the course introduces students to academic discourse and information literacy while exploring topics such as diversity and inclusion and global awareness. This course will set students along the path to becoming engaged with issues and scholarship important to a 21st century education while they learn about themselves and their place in the world.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Enrollment limited to students with a semester level of Freshman 1 or Freshman 2.
Enrollment limited to students with the ROCK STUDIES STUDENT attribute.

A unique and specifically focused course within the general purview of a department which intends to offer it on a "one time only" basis and not as a permanent part of the department's curriculum.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A workshop is a program which is usually of short duration, narrow in scope, often non-traditional in content and format, and on a timely topic.

Credits: 1-6

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A Selected Topics course is a normal, departmental offering which is directly related to the discipline, but because of its specialized nature, may not be able to be offered on a yearly basis by the department.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

Basic biochemical, morphological, and physiological aspects of plant biology as they relate to evolution. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 101^C and BIOL 100^C) or BIOL 104^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 4

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This course for non-biology majors surveys the common plants native to Pennsylvania. Includes a lab.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

For non-biology majors, this course covers basic ecological principles with emphasis on the taxonomy and life histories of vertebrate animals. Includes a lab.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

The study of pathogenic microorganisms to include taxonomy, structure, biological activities, host defense mechanisms, disease transmission, and disease states. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: BIOL 101^D or BIOL 102^D or BIOL 216^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms

Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Biology, Biology (Pre MEd) (7-12), Biology, Biology-Prof (Pre MEd)(7-12), Health Science - Public Health, Hlth Sci-P Hlth-Pre PT-SRU 3+3, Hlth Sci-P Hlth-Pre PA-SRU 3+2, Cytotechnology, Histotechnology, Medical Technology or Professional.

The anatomy, physiology, ecology, and economic importance of representative animals with emphasis on the understanding of development and the evolutionary blueprint of the animal kingdom. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 4

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

The first of two lecture and laboratory courses for non-biology majors which surveys the normal structure and function of the human body. It is recommended that 216 be taken prior to 217. This course includes a lab.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Every Term

Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music Therapy, Biology, Biology (Pre MEd) (7-12), Biology, Biology-Prof (Pre MEd)(7-12), Health Science - Public Health, Hlth Sci-P Hlth-Pre PT-SRU 3+3, Therapeutic Recreation Serv, Recreational Therapy, Therapeutic Recreation 3+3 PT, Rec Therapy- Pre PT-SRU 3+3, Rec Therapy-Pre OT-SRU 3+3, Hlth Sci-P Hlth-Pre PA-SRU 3+2, Cytotechnology, Histotechnology, Medical Technology or Professional.

The second of two lecture and laboratory courses for non-biology majors which surveys the normal structure and function of the human body. It is recommended that 216 be taken prior to 217. Includes a lab.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Every Term

Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Music Therapy, Biology, Biology (Pre MEd) (7-12), Biology, Biology-Prof (Pre MEd)(7-12), Therapeutic Recreation Serv, Recreational Therapy, Therapeutic Recreation 3+3 PT, Rec Therapy- Pre PT-SRU 3+3, Rec Therapy-Pre OT-SRU 3+3, Cytotechnology, Histotechnology, Medical Technology or Professional.

An introductory course that covers transmission genetics, molecular genetics, and population genetics, with an emphasis on problem-solving. Examples in both plants and animals (including humans) are considered. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 4

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

Enrollment limited to students with department of Chemistry or Biology.

A unique and specifically focused course within the general purview of a department which intends to offer it on a "one time only" basis and not as a permanent part of the department's curriculum.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A workshop is a program which is usually of short duration, narrow in scope, often non-traditional in content and format, and on a timely topic.

Credits: 1-6

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A Selected Topics course is a normal, departmental offering which is directly related to the discipline, but because of its specialized nature, may not be able to be offered on a yearly basis by the department.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

Advances in genetics have the potential to do much good, but they may also create difficult social and ethical issues that we are unprepared for. This course seeks to provide students of all majors with the necessary framework for arriving at their own conclusions about the proper role of genetic technology, for themselves, their families, and society at large.

Prerequisites: BIOL 101^D or BIOL 102^D or BIOL 104^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms Even

Thematic Thread(s): 21st Century Healthcare, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course is offered as part of the Pymatuning Laboratory in conjunction with the University of Pittsburgh. For more information, please contact the Biology department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: BIOL 201^C and (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Summer Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Summer Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and (BIOL 201^C or BIOL 212^C)
^C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Summer Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This course deals with the identification and quantification of phytoplankton and vascular hydrophytes, with emphasis placed on the productivity of aquatic plants and their importance as indicator organisms. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall Terms Even

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment is limited to students with a program in Biology, Biology (Pre MEd) (7-12), Environmental Geoscience, Envir Geosci (Pre MEd) (7-12), Biology, Biology-Prof (Pre MEd)(7-12), Environmental Geoscience, Cytotechnology, Environmental Science, Geology, Histotechnology, Medical Technology or Professional.

This course covers the identification and quantification of fish, zooplankton, and benthos organisms, with emphasis placed on the productivity of aquatic animals and their importance as indicator organisms. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms Odd

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and (BIOL 201^C or BIOL 212^C)
^C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

Evolutionary trends in floristic morphology are used to examine family relationships among the major groups of vascular plants. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 201^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

Insects, including their taxonomy, structure, function, ecology, and economic importance.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A lecture and laboratory course which emphasizes the parasites of medical importance.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and (BIOL 210^C or BIOL 212^C)
^C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 1

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A lecture and laboratory course which emphasizes the fungi of medical importance.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and (BIOL 210^C or BIOL 201^C)
^C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 1

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A lecture and laboratory course which emphasized immunological principles of medical importance.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and (BIOL 210^C or BIOL 250^C)
^C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 1

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Summer Terms Even

A lecture and laboratory course which discusses viruses of medical importance. Lecture content will focus on the life cycle, pathology and treatment of clinically relevant viruses. Laboratory content may teach students about topics such as, but not limited to, calculating viral load, detecting lysogens, detecting viruses by ELISA and immunity in lysogens.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 104^C or (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C)) and (BIOL 210^C or BIOL 250^C)
^C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 1

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms

Enrollment limited to students with a semester level of Junior 1, Junior 2, Senior 1, Senior 2 or Sophomore 2.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

Anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, ecology, and behavior of birds. Two weekend field trips are required. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Summer Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Summer Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and (BIOL 201^C or BIOL 212^C)
^C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Summer Terms

Thematic Thread(s): Sustainability, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

An introduction to statistical techniques and experimental design as applied to biological problems. Descriptive methods, tests of significance, linear regression, correlation, analysis of variance and covariance, and non-parametric techniques are included. Use of PC and/or mainframe computer is required. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Geography - Envir Studies Educ, Biology, Biology (Pre MEd) (7-12), Environmental Geoscience, Envir Geosci (Pre MEd) (7-12), Biology, Biology-Prof (Pre MEd)(7-12), Environmental Geoscience, Biology-Logan Chiropractic 3+3, Environmental Science, Geology or Professional.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and (BIOL 201^C or BIOL 212^C)
^C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Summer Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and (BIOL 201^C or BIOL 212^C)
^C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Summer Terms Odd

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A consideration of the structure, metabolism, growth, and genetics of microorganisms with emphasis placed on the bacteria and viruses. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: BIOL 250^C and (CHEM 200^D or CHEM 201^D) and ((BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C)
^C Requires minimum grade of C.
^D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Chemistry or Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: BIOL 212^C and (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

Lecture and laboratory investigations related to cellular structure and function. Topics include consideration of extracellular matrix, cell surface, internalization, intracellular signaling and routing, cell-cell communication, renewal, and development. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: BIOL 250^C and (CHEM 200^D or CHEM 201^D) and ((BIOL 100^D and BIOL 101^D) or BIOL 104^D)
^C Requires minimum grade of C.
^D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Chemistry or Biology.

A comparative study of the adult structure of the organs and systems of representative vertebrates. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

Developmental processes of vertebrate embryology.  A comparative study of gaetogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, and embronic adaptations. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C and BIOL 340^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms Even

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

An introduction to the theoretical basis and practice of routine biological electron microscopy. Experiences in the preparation of specimens for transmission and scanning electron microscopy will be presented. The course presentation will involve a one-week workshop and two hours per week during the semester.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 201^C and BIOL 212^C and BIOL 250^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 2

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

Stresses evolution as a process. Evidence of early theories, population genetics and ecology, modern synthetic theory, speciation, phylogeny, and the major features characteristic of organic evolution are included.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 201^C and BIOL 212^C and BIOL 250^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms Odd

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

The interactions of microorganisms with their environment and with other organisms in nutrient cycles and environmental bioremediation, and the effects of microbial activity on plants and animals. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and (CHEM 202^C or CHEM 200^C)
^C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 4

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall Terms Odd

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Biology, Biology (Pre MEd) (7-12), Environmental Geoscience, Envir Geosci (Pre MEd) (7-12), Biology, Biology-Prof (Pre MEd)(7-12), Environmental Geoscience, Cytotechnology, Environmental Science, Geology, Histotechnology, Medical Technology or Professional.

A field course covering the flora of western Pennsylvania. Students will be expected to identify in the field approximately 225 vascular plants.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 201^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A field class with a lecture component. The primary focus of the class is to enhance student understanding of the taxonomy and ecology of species that compose our flora in western Pennsylvania. Organisms that will be covered include: flowering plants (woody angiosperms and common wildflowers), conifers, ferns & fern allies, bryophytes, lichens, and some representative fungi and macroalgae in our flora. Terminology associated with general plant/fungal/algal structure as well as life cycles of these aforementioned organisms will be described. Students will be introduced to both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the habitats that select species require.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A lecture and laboratory study of the structure and function of biological macromolecules and of the functions of living cells at the molecular level. Topics include macromolecular structures, gene expression and regulation, and manipulations of genetic material. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: ((BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C) and BIOL 250^C and (CHEM 200^D or CHEM 201^D)
^C Requires minimum grade of C.
^D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Chemistry or Biology.

Taxonomy, life histories, and ecological relationships of representative vertebrates are stressed. Several field trips are required.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A unique and specifically focused course within the general purview of a department which intends to offer it on a "one time only" basis and not as a permanent part of the department's curriculum.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A workshop is a program which is usually of short duration, narrow in scope, often non-traditional in content and format, and on a timely topic.

Credits: 1-6

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A Selected Topics course is a normal, departmental offering which is directly related to the discipline, but because of its specialized nature, may not be able to be offered on a yearly basis by the department.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Summer Terms

Emphasis is placed on the structure, composition, and dynamics of ecosystems. Lab work primarily consists of field studies.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and CHEM 108^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Summer Terms

Thematic Thread(s): Sustainability, Transfer Thread Completion Course

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2, Sophomore 1 or Sophomore 2 may not enroll.
Enrollment is limited to students with a major in Biology, Biology (Pre MEd) (7-12), Environmental Geoscience, Envir Geosci (Pre MEd) (7-12), Biology, Biology-Prof (Pre MEd)(7-12), Environmental Geoscience, Cytotechnology, Environmental Science, Geology, Histotechnology, Medical Technology or Professional.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 201^C and BIOL 212^C and BIOL 250^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

The adaptations of animals to deal with specialized environmental situations are studied at levels ranging from biochemical to organismal. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C and CHEM 107^D and CHEM 108^D
C Requires minimum grade of C.
^D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 4

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms Odd

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

Basic animal physiological processes, including a synthesis that begins at the molecular level and moves to the more complex cellular and organismal levels. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C and CHEM 201 (may be taken concurrently)^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisite: BIOL 250^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This field course is offered by the University of Pittsburgh to Slippery Rock University students who enroll in the summer program at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. For more information, please contact the Biology Department, 724-738-2023.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 250^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

This course examines the role of bacteria in disease processes with emphasis on host-pathogen interactions and mechanisms by which pathogenic bacteria cause disease. General topics to be discussed include pathogenesis, epidemiology, and characteristics of the major pathogenic bacteria, which allow them to produce a disease state in the host. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 250^C and BIOL 330^D
C Requires minimum grade of C.
^D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall Terms Odd

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

This course will permit the biology major to obtain credit for on-the-job experience in such areas as hospitals, greenhouses, nurseries, sewage plants, fish, and game commissions, park service, plant breeders, and seed producers, veterinary medicine, etc.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 201^C and BIOL 212^C and BIOL 250^C and CHEM 107^D and CHEM 108^D and CHEM 111^D and CHEM 112^D and CHEM 201^D and CHEM 211^D and CHEM 202^D and CHEM 212^D
C Requires minimum grade of C.
^D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 1-6

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Every Term

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A lecture-laboratory study of the functional relationships of the plant body including such topics as nutrition, water relations, photosynthesis, photo-periodism, hormones, and growth processes.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 201^C and CHEM 201^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms Odd

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A macroscoic and microscopic laboratory study of vascular plants. Tissue and organ structure and development in a wide variety of plant groups are emphasized. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 201^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offerings Vary

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

Microscopic structure and arrangement of tissues in multicellular organisms. Prepared microscopic slides of representative animal organs are studied. Includes a lab.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 212^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Spring Terms Even

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

Independent research under the guidance of a faculty member. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor, departmental chairperson, and dean of the college where the study will be conducted. (repeatable up to 6 credits) Independent Study courses give students the opportunity to pursue research and/or studies that are not part of the university's traditional course offerings. Students work one on one or in small groups with faculty guidance and are typically required to submit a final paper or project as determined by the supervising professor.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

For junior and senior biology majors. Each semester a different area of current research interest is chosen for study.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 201^C and BIOL 212^C and BIOL 250^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 1

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered Fall & Spring Terms

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

A workshop is a program which is usually of short duration, narrow in scope, often non-traditional in content and format, and on a timely topic.

Credits: 1-6

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

The in depth examination of a specific topic. The nature of the topic selected and its treatment determined in consultation with the instructor. A Selected Topics course is a normal, departmental offering which is directly related to the discipline, but because of its specialized nature, may not be able to be offered on a yearly basis by the department.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 100^C and BIOL 101^C) or BIOL 104^C and BIOL 201^C and BIOL 212^C and BIOL 250^C
C Requires minimum grade of C.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.
Enrollment limited to students with department of Biology.

An introduction to marine sciences with emphasis on physiography of the ocean basins, waves, tides, near-shore processes, the physical and chemical nature of seawater, circulation, characteristics of marine plant and animal communities, history of oceanography, and law of the sea.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A unique and specifically focused course within the general purview of a department which intends to offer it on a "one time only" basis and not as a permanent part of the department's curriculum.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A workshop is a program which is usually of short duration, narrow in scope, often non-traditional in content and format, and on a timely topic.

Credits: 1-6

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A Selected Topics course is a normal, departmental offering which is directly related to the discipline, but because of its specialized nature, may not be able to be offered on a yearly basis by the department.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

This workshop is to be an intensive involvement with the esthetic qualities of the seashore and its environs. Paintings using various media (watercolor, oils, acrylics) according to personal preference will be created. Slides and other reproductions of relevant paintings by artists of historical importance will be examined and discussed.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

This workshop will explore pewter and objects found in the near-shore environment as materials for making jewelry and body ornaments. Participants will learn techniques of casting, fabricating, soldering, tinning and bezel setting for the purpose of creating unique pieces.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A survey of literature from several genre, both fiction and nonfiction, which focuses on maritime themes and topics.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A course to familiarize students with the dynamic marine environment and field work on board small research vessels, to instruct in the use and application of standard oceanographic instruments and sampling devices and to promote and encourage independent research through the initial stages of scientific projects.

Prerequisites: MARS 110^D or EGEO 131^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

This course covers navigation, i.e. the art and science of safely bringing a boat from one position to another in a body of water. Topics covered are piloting, navigation within sight of land, electronic navigation, radio bearings by radio direction finder, LORAN, OMEGA, radar, celestial navigation, circles of equal altitude, navigational triangle, celestial lines of position, celestial fix, Greenwich Mean Time, Greenwich Hour Angle.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

This class includes an in-depth study of the science of photography and how this relates to the field work of marine biology. The student will develop skills in micro- and macrophotography and an understanding of the science of optics, filter and camera techniques, and darkroom procedures and techniques. The class will learn various chemical processes for color and black/white photography. Specific articles on marine science photography will be used to develop an understanding both within the marine science laboratory and in the field.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A study of the invertebrate phyla with emphasis on development, reproduction, structure, function and classification of selected marine organisms. Laboratory field experience will be given in collection, preservation and classification of the phyla.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A study of plant and animal life in the marine environment. Emphasis will be on physical and chemical environmental factors affecting the biota in the inter-tidal, open water, and benthic habitats. Common biota characteristic of each habitat will be investigated in terms of their natural history, morphology, and ecological relationships.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

The ecology and management of wetland wildlife with emphasis on the management of wetlands as ecological systems.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A study of the ecology of marine organisms, the relationship of plants and animals to physical, chemical and bio-logical factors and their zonation and communities.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

In-depth examination of vegetation falling under the marine influence. Identification of same and determination of factors limiting and controlling their distribution.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

An introduction to basic principles of ecology and natural history of selected plants and animals in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments. Course is suitable for non-science majors.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

This course focuses on the recreation component of coastal zone management. The nature, extent, location, and value of coastal recreation behavior will be probed and related to the overall coastal management framework.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A unique and specifically focused course within the general purview of a department which intends to offer it on a "one time only" basis and not as a permanent part of the department's curriculum.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A workshop is a program which is usually of short duration, narrow in scope, often non-traditional in content and format, and on a timely topic.

Credits: 1-6

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

An opportunity for intensive study on a specific topic of interest. Course duration from 1 to 3 weeks. A Selected Topics course is a normal, departmental offering which is directly related to the discipline, but because of its specialized nature, may not be able to be offered on a yearly basis by the department.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Concepts of ethology; discussion and observation of the influences of external and internal factors on the regulation and control of behavior of organisms living in the marine coastal environment.

Prerequisites: BIOL 101^D or BIOL 104^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Distribution, behavior, physiology, adaptations, and ecological relationships of mammals with special emphasis on the mammals of the Delmarva Peninsula. In addition to the lectures and seminars, the laboratory and field work will deal with the productivity, population dynamics, species diversity, ecoenergetics, and behavior of local mammals.

Prerequisites: BIOL 104^D or BIOL 101^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A survey of methods and concepts of marine microbiology. Attention will be given to technical aspects of sample collection, microbial ecology of the marine environment, enrichment culturing, methods of enumeration and identification with emphasis on marine bacteria.

Prerequisite: BIOL 330^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

An introduction to tropical invertebrates. A variety of collection and observation methods will be used to sample near-shore and reef areas. Emphasis will be on systematics and ecology using the communities approach. One week at Wallops will be intensive review of general systematics and ecology of marine invertebrates. The last two weeks in Florida will involve sampling and identifying species and describing ecological communities.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Treatment of a wide range of oceanic chemical phenomena, including salinity and age of the oceans, sources and residence times of chemical constituents in seawater, geochemical cycles of mineral resources and trace elements. Sampling and laboratory analysis techniques.

Prerequisites: MARS 110^D or EGEO 131^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A study of marine and marine fringe plants of the Middle Atlantic Coast, their taxonomy, ecology, distribution, life histories, physiology, and economic status. Techniques of collecting, preserving, identifying and herbarium cataloging will be stressed. Exercises in plant ecology and marine microbiology will be included.

Prerequisites: BIOL 101^D or BIOL 104^D or BIOL 201^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A study of the fishes. Specimens collected along the eastern seaboard by the students will be used to illustrate the anatomy, physiology and systematics of this major vertebrate group. Field collections will also give students the opportunity to observe the relationships of these animals to their biotic and physical environment.

Prerequisites: BIOL 101^D or BIOL 104^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A course designed to familiarize the students with the qualitative aspects of the speciation process; to lay ground work for understanding the basic and specialized structure of marine chordates; to trace the most obvious or important trends (and their functional significance) in the evolution of this basic structure in various vertebrate lines. The laboratories will be devoted primarily to dissection of representative marine vertebrates, particularly those collected live on field trips.

Prerequisites: (BIOL 104^D or BIOL 101^D) and BIOL 212^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Introduces the student to avian fauna of the seacoast and at the same time enables comparison with inland species. In addition to the field work providing visual and vocal identification, lecture material will include information on the distribution, behavior, physiology, and anatomy of birds.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Mechanisms and regulation of organ function in marine invertebrates with emphasis on homeostasis. Invertebrate examples of fundamental principles and of unique physiological mechanisms.

Prerequisites: BIOL 104^D or BIOL 101^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Structure and sedimentology of the ocean basins and shores; methods of exploration, general feature of the ocean basins, and theory of ocean basin evolution.

Prerequisites: MARS 110^D or EGEO 131^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A study of the physical properties of the oceans to include: mass and energy budgets; theory of distribution of variables; cause, nature, measurement, analysis and prediction of tides, currents and waves; basic instrumentation in field work.

Prerequisites: MARS 110^D or EGEO 131^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A unique and specifically focused course within the general purview of a department which intends to offer it on a "one time only" basis and not as a permanent part of the department's curriculum.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course will provide an introduction to the physiology of marine organisms utilizing a comparative approach. The lecture will introduce the topics of respiration, circulation, metabolism, osmoregulation, thermoregulation, locomation and sensory systems by drawing comparisons between the mechanisms and strategies utilized by a wide range of marine organisms. Laboratory and field work will focus on the physiological responses of marine plants and animals to common environmental stresses such as salt load, temperature variation, depletion of dissolved oxygen, and tidal flux. This will be accomplished through measurements and observations in the field, as well as through experimental manipulations in a laboratory setting.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A workshop is a program which is usually of short duration, narrow in scope, often non-traditional in content and format, and on a timely topic.

Credits: 1-6

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

The in-depth examination of a specific topic. The nature of the topic selected and its treatment determined in consultation with the instructor. A Selected Topics course is a normal, departmental offering which is directly related to the discipline, but because of its specialized nature, may not be able to be offered on a yearly basis by the department.

Prerequisites: BIOL 104^D or BIOL 101^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Designed for students majoring in either biological or geological sciences, the course will deal with modern, living representatives of micro-organisms important in the fossil record. Particular emphasis will be on the taxonomy, morphology, evolution and ecological affinities of the Foraminifera (Sarcodina), but other groups, including the Radiolaria, Diatoms and Ostracoda, will also be considered. Laboratory and field aspects will include sample collecting, preparation and analysis.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Study of the phytoplankton and zooplankton in marine and brackish environments. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons will be made between the planktonic populations of various types of habitats in relation to primary and secondary productivity.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

The study of the ecological mechanisms underlying evolutionary processes. This course is broad in scope and requires that students synthesize both evolutionary and ecological concepts and theory into an understanding of how organisms adapt to their environment. Marine, estuarine, and maritime organisms will be used as model systems and processes, which affect marine populations, will be emphasized.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

The Mollusca is the second largest group of animals and perhaps the most diverse in terms of morphological, ecological and behavioral variations. This course offers an evolutionary, functional, and ecologic approach to studying this important group of organisms.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course examines the interaction of biological, chemical, physical, geological and ecological ocean processes as applied to coastal environments. Emphasis is placed on environmental management issues of the coastal zone. Topics include water quality analysis, barrier island geology and ecology, estuarine pollution, beach defense and biological implications in areas of coastal up welling and coastal fronts. Specific cases in coastal pollution will be examined from coastal environments around the U.S., including Kepone in the James River, VA, DDT on the Palos Verde Shelf, CA., Eutrophication on the North Carolina Coast, The Exxon-Valdex Oil spill and Pfsteria in the coastal waters of N.C. and VA. Cross listed as MARS551.

Prerequisites: MARS 110^D or EGEO 131^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A study of the basic geophysical theories about the transmission of shock waves, and gravity and magnetic fields to the understanding and exploration of the continental shelves and marine basins. The student is introduced to the use and limitations of the portable seismic refraction seismograph, gravity meter, and magnetometer.

Prerequisites: MARS 110^D or EGEO 131^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A study of geophysical and geologic instruments and techniques used to penetrate the water layer obscuring the ocean bottom topography and geology and the results of some of that effort. Emphasis is on laboratory and field assignments using basic geophysical and geological instruments. The students are introduced to the use, limitations and results of these instruments.

Prerequisite: EGEO 101^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A study of coastal environments with an emphasis on understanding the inter-relationship among land forms, processes and materials. The student will participate in field studies conducted along high and low wave energy environments.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Interdisciplinary study of the interactions between biological communities and the ocean environment as seen by distributions of coastal plankton, fish, and benthic invertebrates. Projects will involve boat trips to sample populations and to quantitatively document environmental variables with state of the art equipment, laboratory and field experiments to determine rate processes, and visits to nearby field and government laboratories. Examples of project topics include transport of plankton at barrier island passes, effect of submarine banks on fish populations, ground truth data for satellite imagery, and other current topics in biological oceanography.

Prerequisites: MARS 110^D or EGEO 131^D
D Requires minimum grade of D.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Independent research under the guidance of a faculty member. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor, departmental chairperson, and dean of the college where the study will be conducted. (repeatable up to 6 credits) Independent Study courses give students the opportunity to pursue research and/or studies that are not part of the university's traditional course offerings. Students work one on one or in small groups with faculty guidance and are typically required to submit a final paper or project as determined by the supervising professor.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

A study of coral reef structure, formation, types, and the relationships of reef organisms to their environment. Emphasis is given to species diversity, identification, symbioses, and effects of temperature, salinity, light, nutrient concentration, predation, and competition on the abundance and the distribution of coral reef organisms.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A study of the distribution, population ecology, behavior, physiology and adaptations of marine mammals. Student projects will entail collecting physiological and behavioral data at field sites and at facilities studying marine mammals.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

Designed to present animal behavior within an ecological and evolutionary context. Presents mathematical and theoretical framework of behavioral ecology. An in-depth exploration of the ways in which the behavior of animals is influenced by the environment, especially with regard to resource distribution.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

This course will include the theory and practice of raising organisms for food and for the aquarium trade. Techniques for raising economically important organisms from the egg stage to marketable size and their food supplies will be studied.

Credits: 3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

A workshop is a program which is usually of short duration, narrow in scope, often non-traditional in content and format, and on a timely topic.

Credits: 1-6

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.

An opportunity of intensive study in a specific topic of interest. Course duration from 1 to 3 weeks. A Selected Topics course is a normal, departmental offering which is directly related to the discipline, but because of its specialized nature, may not be able to be offered on a yearly basis by the department.

Credits: 1-3

Term(s) Typically Offered: Offered as Needed

Students with a semester level of Freshman 1, Freshman 2 or Sophomore 1 may not enroll.